Specific therapy is often a sort of chemotherapy that targets precise molecular dissimilarities concerning most cancers and usual cells. The main specific therapies blocked the estrogen receptor molecule, inhibiting the growth of breast most cancers. A further prevalent instance is the class of Bcr-Abl inhibitors, that are employed to treat Serious myelogenous leukemia (CML).
A nicely-acknowledged illustration of this is the Philadelphia chromosome, or translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, which occurs in Persistent myelogenous leukemia and leads to production of the BCR-abl fusion protein, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase.
Cancers comprise a significant family of conditions that involve irregular cell progress Using the prospective to invade or spread to other parts 癌症 of the human body.
Surgical procedure is the primary approach to cure for most isolated, stable cancers and may Engage in a job in palliation and prolongation of survival. It is typically a very important Component of the definitive diagnosis and staging of tumors, as biopsies are usually needed.
[188] The success of chemotherapy is often constrained by its toxicity to other tissues in the body. Even when chemotherapy does not give a long-lasting treatment, it could be handy to cut back signs or symptoms for example ache or to reduce the dimensions of the inoperable tumor inside the hope that surgery will become doable in the future.[citation required]
姑息治疗的目的不是治愈癌症，而是缓解癌症引起的症状和痛苦，并提高患者及其家人的生活质量。姑息治疗可帮助患者生活得更舒适。在癌症晚期患者比例较高且治愈几率很小的地方，尤其需要这种疗法。
一些最常见的癌症类型，如乳腺癌、宫颈癌、口腔癌和结肠直肠癌等，如能早期发现并根据最佳做法进行治疗，治愈概率很高。
辐射（主要为电离辐射和紫外线）是明确的致癌物质，而异物刺激、创伤、慢性炎症等会促进恶变进程。
放射治疗即常说的放疗，根据其治疗方式及适应证可分为根治性放疗、姑息性 放疗和联合治疗，具体内容可参考百度百科及百度药典，在此不过多介绍。但需要 注意，放疗并不一定能完全治疗癌症，且在治疗过程中会出现诸多不良反应，如 乏力、恶心、厌食、皮肤痒肿、口咽疼痛、局部毛发脱落、神经损伤、心肺功能 异常（如干咳、气喘等）、胃肠功能紊乱（如恶心、呕吐、体重下降等）等。
Radiation may cause most cancers in most portions of the human body, in all animals and at any age. Children are twice as more likely to establish radiation-induced leukemia as Older people; radiation exposure just before birth has 10 instances the impact.[seventy six]
制定标准和工具，以指导筹划和实施针对成人和儿童癌症的预防、早期诊断、筛查、治疗、姑息治疗和生存关怀措施；
上述中各種症狀都有可能由其他的疾病引起，癌症不一定是產生這些症狀的主因，確切原因仍需要鑑別診斷診察。
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消瘦：因肿瘤消耗患者体质、营养摄入不足、并发感染等情况，患者体重不断下降，晚期会极度消瘦。